Lawful use of force

Report on the Fourth International Law Enforcement Forum: Minimal Force Options and Less-Lethal Technologies

NCJ Number

232753

Date Published

2005

Agencies

NIJ-Sponsored

Publication Type

Issue Overview

PDF

Multi-Method Evaluation of Police Use of Force Outcomes, Executive Summary

NCJ Number

231177

Date Published

2009

Agencies

NIJ-Sponsored

Publication Type

Program/Project Evaluation

PDF

Multi-Method Evaluation of Police Use of Force Outcomes: Final Report to the National Institute of Justice

NCJ Number

231176

Date Published

2009

Agencies

NIJ-Sponsored

Publication Type

Program/Project Evaluation

PDF

Use of Force by Police: Overview of National and Local Data

NCJ Number

176330

Date Published

October 1999

Agencies

NIJ

Series

NIJ Research Report

Publication Type

Research (Applied/Empirical)

PDF | Text

Less Lethal Weapon Effectiveness, Use of Force, and Suspect & Officer Injuries: A Five-Year Analysis

NCJ Number

224081

Date Published

2008

Agencies

NIJ-Sponsored

Publication Type

Research (Applied/Empirical)

PDF

Study of Deaths Following Electro Muscular Disruption: Interim Report

NCJ Number

222981

Date Published

June 2008

Agencies

NIJ

Publication Type

Research (Applied/Empirical)

PDF

Understanding the Use of Force by and Against the Police, Research in Brief

NCJ Number

158614

Date Published

November 1996

Agencies

NIJ

Series

NIJ Research in Brief

Publication Type

Research (Applied/Empirical)

PDF | Text

Effectiveness and Safety of Pepper Spray

NCJ Number

195739

Date Published

April 2003

Agencies

NIJ

Series

NIJ Research Report

Publication Type

Program/Project Evaluation

PDF | Text

Evaluation of Pepper Spray, Research in Brief

NCJ Number

162358

Date Published

1997

Agencies

NIJ

Series

NIJ Research in Brief

Publication Type

Program/Project Evaluation

PDF | Text

Police Attitudes Toward Abuse of Authority: Findings From a National Study, Research in Brief

NCJ Number

181312

Date Published

June 2000

Agencies

NIJ

Series

NIJ Research in Brief

Publication Type

Research (Applied/Empirical)

PDF | Text

Deaths in Police Confrontations When Oleoresin Capsicum is Used

NCJ Number

204029

Date Published

2002

Agencies

NIJ-Sponsored

Publication Type

Research (Applied/Empirical)

PDF

Safety and Control in a County Jail: Nonlethal Weapons and the Use of Force

NCJ Number

180316

Date Published

1997

Agencies

NIJ-Sponsored

Series

NIJ Research Report

Publication Type

Research (Applied/Empirical)

PDF

Rate of Force Used by the Police in Montgomery County, Maryland

NCJ Number

199877

Date Published

March 2002

Agencies

NIJ-Sponsored

Series

NIJ Research Report

Publication Type

Research (Applied/Empirical)

PDF

Variable Range Less-Than-Lethal Ballistic, Final Report

NCJ Number

199046

Date Published

January 2002

Agencies

NIJ-Sponsored

Series

NIJ Research Report

Publication Type

Program/Project Description

PDF

Responding to the Problem Police Officer: A National Study of Early Warning Systems, Final Report

NCJ Number

184510

Date Published

August 2000

Agencies

NIJ-Sponsored

Publication Type

Research (Applied/Empirical)

PDF

Analysis of Police Use-of-Force Data

NCJ Number

183648

Date Published

January 1998

Agencies

NIJ-Sponsored

Publication Type

Research (Applied/Empirical)

PDF

Understanding the Use of Force By and Against the Police in Six Jurisdictions, Final Report

NCJ Number

196694

Date Published

January 2002

Agencies

NIJ-Sponsored

Publication Type

Research (Applied/Empirical)

PDF

Understanding the Prevalence and Severity of Force Used By and Against the Police, Executive Summary

NCJ Number

196693

Date Published

2002

Agencies

NIJ-Sponsored

Publication Type

Research (Applied/Empirical)

PDF

Evaluation of Oleoresin Capsicum (O.C.) Use by Law Enforcement Agencies: Impact on Injuries to Officers and Suspects, Summary of Research Findings

NCJ Number

184935

Date Published

2000

Agencies

NIJ-Sponsored

Publication Type

Research (Applied/Empirical)

PDF (Summary of Research Findings) | PDF (Final Activity Report)

Evaluation of Oleoresin Capsicum (O.C.) Use by Law Enforcement Agencies: Impact on Injuries to Officers and Suspects, Final Activity Report

NCJ Number

184934

Date Published

2000

Agencies

NIJ-Sponsored

Publication Type

Research (Applied/Empirical)

PDF (Final Activity Report) | PDF (Summary of Research Findings)

Phoenix Project: Predictors of Suspect Use of Force

NCJ Number

187776

Date Published

1999

Agencies

NIJ-Sponsored

Publication Type

Research (Applied/Empirical)

PDF

Crime File: Deadly Force

January 1985

This Crime File video considers the rationales and consequences of various police policies on the use of deadly force, using an interview panel and tape segments pertaining to the New York City Police Department's policy and training on the use of deadly force as well as the Memphis Police Department's (Tennessee) policy in this area.

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